Famously when a particle meets its anti-particle they both annihilate each other and a burst of energy is produced. For example, the positron (the anti-particle of the electron) is used in medicine to map our internal organs using positron emission tomography (PET). Anti-matter particles have been frequently observed. This is a concept much beloved by science fiction writers, but it really does exist. We also know of the existence of anti-matter.
A sixth force particle, the graviton, is believed to be responsible for gravitation, but has not yet been observed. Three particles named the “W plus”, the “W minus” and the “Z zero” – referred to as intermediate vector bosons – are responsible for the process of radioactive decay and for the processes in the sun which cause it to shine. The gluon produces the force responsible for holding quarks together to form protons and neutrons, and for holding those protons and neutrons together to form heavier nuclei. They are divided into four fundamental forces: gravitational, electromagnetic, strong and weak forces.Ī photon is a particle of light and is responsible for electric and magnetic fields, created by the exchange of photons from one charged object to another. There are six force particles in the standard model, which create the interactions between matter particles. Again only the lightest pair of quarks are found in normal matter, the charm/strange and top/bottom pairs seem to play no role in the universe as it now exists, but, like the heavier leptons, played a role in the early moments of the universe and helped to create one that is amenable to our existence. The up and down quarks stick together to form the protons and neutrons which lie at the heart of every atom. The six quarks are also split into three pairs with whimsical names: “up” with “down”, “charm” with “strange”, and “top” with “bottom” (previously called “truth” and “beauty” though regrettably changed). However during the first one to ten seconds of the universe following the Big Bang, they had a crucial role to play in establishing the structure of the universe in which we live – known as the Lepton Epoch. Since normal matter does not contain these particles it may seem that they are an unnecessary complication. J J Thomson’s 1897 cathode ray tube with magnet coils – used to discover the electron. Matter particles are split into two groups: quarks and leptons – there are six of these, each with a corresponding partner. Matter particles are fermions while force particles are bosons. These are classified in the standard model of particle physics, which theorises how the basic building blocks of matter interact, governed by fundamental forces. There are two types of fundamental particles: matter particles, some of which combine to produce the world about us, and force particles – one of which, the photon, is responsible for electromagnetic radiation. We are now seeking to explain the properties of these particles and working to show how these can be used to explain the contents of the universe. We believe we have found some of these objects: subatomic particles, or fundamental particles, which having no size can have no substructure. And as we are able to observe the world in tinier and tinier detail through microscopes of increasing power, it is natural to wonder what these objects are made of. The goal of this project is to see if a ground states of qubits can be found that give rise to all 'seven wonders.' If successful, this model can be understood as a unification of information and matter.It is often claimed that the Ancient Greeks were the first to identify objects that have no size, yet are able to build up the world around us through their interactions. For certain ground states, a wave may satisfy Maxwell or Einstein equations, and give rise to photons and/or gravitons.
Fluctuations of qubits = waves = elementary particles. Specifically, we examine the possibility that those wonderful and mysterious properties come from the 'qubits' that form a fundamental 'space.' The basic picture is: 1. This project develops a deeper model of particle reality that aims to derive these seven properties from deeper physics. According to current physical theory, we take the above properties for granted and do not ask where they come from. The most fundamental mysteries and/or wonders in the physical world can be summarized by the following short list: (1) Locality.